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traditional heavy metal
Traditional heavy metal, also known as classic metal,〔Christe, Ian. ''The Sound of the Beast: The Complete Headbanging History of Heavy Metal''. Flammarion, 2007, p. 91. ISBN 978-2-08-068797-5.〕 heavy psych, or simply heavy metal, is the seminal genre of heavy metal music before the genre "evolved and splintered into many different styles and subgenres."〔Assayas, Michka. ''Dictionnaire du Rock de A à L''. Robert Lafond, 2002, pp. 776–7. ISBN 2221912608.〕
==Terminology==
The short, original, and proper term for this genre is "heavy metal", but as Michka Assayas notes in his ''Dictionary of Rock'',〔 the term "heavy metal" may sometimes be used in different senses. While the term can refer to the seminal style, it also can be used as a large umbrella term for any derivative subgenres. Hence the term "traditional heavy metal" or "classic heavy metal"〔 may be employed to avoid confusion with the larger sense. In order to avoid the potential ambiguity others, like Sharpe Young, use the term "heavy metal" exclusively to refer to original genre and use the term "metal" instead to refer to the global genre including subgenres.〔Sharpe-Young, Garry (2007). ''Metal: The Definitive Guide''. Jawbone Press. ISBN 978-1-906002-01-5.〕 Similarly, Paul Du Noyer also uses the term heavy metal to refer to the original style exclusively.〔Du Noyer, Paul (ed.) (2003). "Heavy metal". ''The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Music''. Flame Tree, p. 96. ISBN 1-904041-70-1.〕
Assayas points out another ambiguity of the term "heavy metal" and notes that in certain context some may consider it synonymous with hard rock (most particularly in the USA) while others consider these to be distinct genres.〔 The former view is supported by authors including Ian Christe and Robert Walser. Christe regards hard rock bands like AC/DC, Queen, Led Zeppelin or Deep Purple as heavy metal in the original sense. In contrast others, including Garry Sharpe-Young〔 and Paul Dunoyer's music encyclopedia〔 reject this label for these bands.〔Sharpe-Young, Garry (2007). ''Metal: The Definitive Guide''. Jawbone Press, p. 12. ISBN 978-1-906002-01-5.〕 Sharpe-Young,〔 Rob Halford〔 and Sam Dunn〔Dunn, Sam. ''Metal: A Headbanger's Journey''. Sam Dunn, 2005.〕 trace the origin of this genre to Black Sabbath exclusively,〔Sharpe-Young, Garry (2007). ''Metal: The Definitive Guide''. Jawbone Press, p. 9. ISBN 978-1-906002-01-5.〕 with a style characterized by the dropping of the genre's blues roots. Rob Halford argues:"Black Sabbath absolutely invented heavy metal. I've read a lot of essays and such like about tracing it all back further and further. It's as though these writers want to claim the source, a bit like Dr. Livingstone and the source of the Nile. But as a purist metal musician, I can tell you— it's Black Sabbath."〔
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